Saturday, May 19, 2012

The Herbal Medicine of Bruce W. Halstead, M.D.


 The Herbal Medicine 

of 

Bruce W. Halstead, M.D.

WORLD LIFE RESEARCH INSTITUTE


In his early work, wherein he earned the credit for becoming the father of Biotoxicology, Bruce W. Halstead, M.D. began his life-long search for new medicinals from natural resources.

In his early work, wherein he earned the credit for becoming the father of Biotoxicology, Bruce W. Halstead, M.D. began his life-long search for new medicinals from natural resources.

Prior to obtaining his M.D. Degree from Loma Linda University and even before he had earned his B.S. Degree in Zoology from UC Berkeley, he had already become an expert in Ichthyology (study of fish). He accomplished that expertise as an understudy of his mentor, Eugene Clark at the Golden Gate Academy of Sciences in San Francisco.

So it was natural for him to focus on the idea of 'Drugs from the Sea' as his initial research investigations. The premise of his work was that natural occurring poisons and venoms had the keys to developing new medicinals for treating human illness and disease. It was his love of the ocean and marine biology which compelled him to focus on the bio-toxins found in the ocean organisms.

This was the ground work that led to his hallmark, monumental three volume work entitled: Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals. It was twenty years in the making and it was the largest undertaking by the U.S. Government Printing Office. 

 His research that began at the School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine, STPM, at Loma Linda University, LLU, (1948-1958) was driven by his quest for medicinals from the sea. Countless expeditions to the South Pacific and years of research on the subject, gave him the undisputed title as the leading authority on poisons and venomous marine animals. For Dr. Halstead every poison and venom was a potential cancer cure. Studying these bio-toxins was his key to learning how to unlock nature's secrets for curing disease.

While ocean life was his foremost passion, at the same time he started exploring medicinals from Mexico, throughout South America to the botanicals of the Amazon. 


Doctor Halstead's work with the 'head hunting/shrinking' Jivaro Indians of the Amazon was the basis for the movie, The Medicine Man with Sean Connery. It was also the beginning of his search for new cures from herbal/botanical sources.

The research into medicinal botanicals began in 1948 at STPM and continued with Dr. Halstead founding the World Life Research Institute in 1958 and lasted throughout his life. Countless expeditions were conducted throughout Mexico, South America, and the Amazon Rain Forest to collect any and all botanical specimens for research into medicinal compounds.

Often these expeditions led to remote regions where privative tribes have been using medicinal plants for thousands of years. It was the tribal witchdoctors, shaman, sorcerers, etc. who would show them which plants they used, for what health problems, where they collected the plants, how they prepared it, and how it was administered. The plants were then identified by their scientific names and sufficient specimens collected to conduct research into possible new cures.


Doctor Halstead's world-wide research into medicinal botanicals led him to the then USSR where he worked closely with Dr. Breckman who discovered the health benefits of Eleutherococcus Senticosus or Siberian Ginseng. 

In the early 50's, Dr. Halstead was the first to introduce Siberian Ginseng into the United States under the Imedex Company label. He continued his research on Siberian Ginseng at WLRI which eventually resulted in his book entitled: Eleutherococcus Senticosus ~ Siberian Ginseng: An Introduction To The Concept of Adaptogenic Medicine.

While Doctor Halstead's research focused on new cures from medicinal botanicals his specific driving goal was to find the cure to cancer. One of the compounds he devoted much research time and effort to was Laetrile which comes from apricot pits and other natural sources.

It wasn't until years after his own independent research and book on the subject that he was to learn it was his own biological father, Newton Mellars, who along with Charles Gurchot and Ernest Krebs, that were the co-founders of the cancer fighting properties of Laetrile.

The search for cancer cures was his path for learning about the immune system. With the advent of AIDS his focus on the relationship between medicinal botanicals and the immune system became more relevant than ever before.

That search along with his research, eventually led to his development of various herbal formulas for which each targeted some of the more common human illness and disease. Inevitably this led to his extensive involvement with Chinese Traditional Herbal Medicine.

Over the course of his life he worked extensively with the Chinese in what became a perfect marriage of Western science with thousands of years of Chinese Traditional Herbal Medicine.

It is note worthy that when the herbal formulas developed by Doctor Halstead were compared to the current formulas from Chinese Traditional Medicine, they were a near perfect match. In consultation with the Chinese the formulas were adjusted to accommodate the best of both worlds.

The last book he published was 'The Scientific Basis of Chinese Integrative Cancer Therapy.' It is actually a small extraction of a much larger work on Chinese Traditional Medicine which is yet untitled and yet unpublished. Some of his colleagues familiar with the work believe it is undoubtedly his best work ever.

On May 5, 1987 Doctor Halstead received a large 'Certificate of Merit' for his work with the Chinese Institute of Radiation Medicine.







The recognition with this award was based on Doctor Halstead's involvement with a high-level research study with the Chinese government. The Chinese were intensely interested in developing a compound that could defend against the devastating effects of radiation exposure.

The study was conducted on cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. But as a nuclear power military power, and as a country utilizing nuclear energy, the Chinese had much to be concerned about regarding the threat of radiation exposure.

The study was conducted for the purpose of developing the best herbal formula protect against the onslaught of the radiation and modulate the immune system to maximize the post-exposure healing recovery process. Ideally the compound would simultaneously inhibit the growth of any cancer.

The results were both remarkable and promising on all fronts. Doctor Halstead's research on these natural medicinal compounds focused on the free radical pathology and components like antioxidants that would modulate the immune system for optimum defense against the radiation exposure.

The research with the Chinese continued throughout the remainder of Dr. Halstead's life. He worked closely with the foremost Chinese Herbal Medicine Institute to develop a series of herbal formulas for the primary illness and disease confronting the human body. 

 A variation of at least 25 of these formulas were grown, produced, and packaged in China for marketing here in the U.S. Under the label of Bio-Defense Nutrionals.

In the wake of the Fukushima disaster the demand for the best natural herbal compound for dealing with radiation sickness has never been higher. All of the formulas developed by Doctor Halstead are the compilation of his life effort marrying western science with the anecdotal evidence from thousands of years of Chinese Traditional Medicine.

These formulas may possibly need to be updated with any new research that may have come to light in the decade since Doctor's Halstead's voice was silenced. But the time is now to bring all of these wonderful scientific formulas to a market hungry for natural cures to human illness and for protection against a growingly toxic world.


Sunday, March 28, 2010

A Bruce W. Halstead 90th Birthday Bash on Twitter





From my FaceBook Page on March 28, 2010



Happy 90th Birthday Dad!
[RIP March 28, 1920 to December 5, 2002]

As a tribute to you I posted a series of tweets about you on twitter. My birthday gift to you was your own hash tag: #BruceWHalstead. You like it? My tweets to you can be found by searching your new tag or at @larrydhalstead on twitter. I'm thinking of posting them on a blog post. I'll let you know! Love you dad!


Posted on March 28, 2010
From Twitter.com/larrydhalstead
Hash Tag: #BruceWHalstead 

 
Here is those tweets:



I'm a bit introspective today. Not because of Palm Sunday but because its my father's birthday. He would have been 90 today #BruceWHalstead


Please don't feel the need to RT any of this on my father
#BruceWHalstead I'm just sharing with my friends here a bit of my influence


My father was an internationally reknown research scientist, MD, medical pioneer and more. He was my role model as a warrior
#BruceWHalstead a


was to the FDA and AMA what I am to the Teabaggers today; They hated him because he spoke out against them, exposed them





#BruceWHalstead
was the leading authority in various fields who traveled to every country of the world as part of his research & lecturing




#BruceWHalstead
has over 200 publications to his name including the largest work ever on Poisonous & Venoumous Marine Animals





Poisonous & Venoumous Marine Animals is the definitive work on the subject. Took 22 years in making is 3 lrg Volumes
#BruceWHalstead





Poisonous & Venoumous Marine Animals was the largest work ever undertaken by the Gov Printing Office at that time
#BruceWHalstead





#BruceWHalstead
was the first person to introduce Siberian Ginseng into the U.S back in the '50s





#BruceWHalstead
was the father of Bio-toxicology dedicated his life to research on cures for Cancer and Aids through natural compounds






Vladivostok is the scientific research community in Russia (USSR)
#BruceWHalstead 1st American allowed in. It was after Nixon was refused


#BruceWHalstead
spent time in USSR Gulag for suspician of being a spy but always maintain high level scientific & gov friends there


Russian Scientist Dr. Breckman discovered Siberian Ginseng. He worked with
#BruceWHalstead on research & to introduce it to the world


#BruceWHalstead
worked with Jacques Cousteau long before there were Dive Tables or before the world had ever heard of either one of them


'Preventive Medicine' used to mean Mosquito repellent but in early '50s
#BruceWHalstead helped transform the term into what we know it today


Newton Mellars was one of 3 scientist who disovered Laetrile. He was father of
#BruceWHalstead who later did research, wrote on it


#BruceWHalstead
MD was a pioneer in medical modalities such as Chelation, HyperBaric Oxygen, Herbal Medicine, Immune enhancement, much more


#BruceWHalstead
researched herbal medicine, developed herbal formulas, brought scientific validity to Traditional Chineese Herbal Medicine


There is a "Bruce W. Halstead Memorial Herb Garden" dedicated to
#BruceWHalstead which he visited in the year before his death


#BruceWHalstead
founded the World Life Research Institute in '58 which has served as an official reference center to the UN and the WHO


#BruceWHalstead
was the most controversial person that I have ever known and my model for being a 'warrior for the cause'


#BruceWHalstead
spoke out against the 'cut, burn, and radiate' practices of the AMA, FDA. They hated him for it, conspired to 'get him'


#BruceWHalstead
served in the Army, Navy, and the Air Force. Much of his research was funded by the U.S Gov He was #TruePatriot not a Poser


#BruceWHalstead
spent time in USSR Gulag for suspician of being a spy but always maintain high level scientific & gov friends there


Russian Scientist Dr. Breckman discovered Siberian Ginseng. He worked with
#BruceWHalstead on research & to introduce it to the world


#BruceWHalstead
worked with Jacques Cousteau long before there were Dive Tables or before the world had ever heard of either one of them


'Preventive Medicine' used to mean Mosquito repelant but in early '50s
#BruceWHalstead helped transform the term into what we know it today


Newton Mellars was one of 3 scientist who disovered Laetrile. He was father of
#BruceWHalstead who later did research, wrote on it


#BruceWHalstead MD was a pioneer in medical modalities such as Chelation, HyperBaric Oxygen, Herbal Medicine, Immune enhancement, much more


#BruceWHalstead
researched herbal medicine, developed herbal formulas, brought scientific validity to Traditional Chineese Herbal Medicine


There is a "Bruce W. Halstead Memorial Herb Garden" dedicated to
#BruceWHalstead which he visited in the year before his death


#BruceWHalstead
founded the World Life Research Institute in '58 which has served as an official reference center to the UN and the WHO


#BruceWHalstead
served in the Army, Navy, and the Air Force. Much of his research was funded by the U.S Gov He was #TruePatriot not a Poser


#BruceWHalstead
was the most controversial person that I have ever known and my model for being a 'warrior for the cause'


BruceWHalstead
spoke out against the 'cut, burn, and radiate' practices of the AMA, FDA. They hated him for it, conspired to 'get him'


The SB Co Med Assn, the CA Med Assn, FDA, AMA, all conspired to bring 22 felony charges against
#BruceWHalstead for using herbal medicine


The trial was held in LA and lasted for over a year costing more than 1 Million.
#BruceWHalstead fired his attorneys to represent himself


It was a landmark casehe fought w/science but lost due to the imoral CA statues that protect a monopoly by conventional MDs
#BruceWHalstead


The case of People v
#BruceWHalstead was appealed all the way to SCOTUS which refused to hear such a controvesial matter. (Chicken shits)


#BruceWHalstead
case Appeals took over 10 yrs. was lost in system for awhile until the asshole prosecuter Seilgman looked into the matter


Asshole prosecuter Seilgman personally strapped on a gun, drove 80 miles to arrest
#BruceWHalstead then late 70s take him to L.A. Central


By this time
#BruceWHalstead had senile diabetes, almost died in jail bc they put him in general population refused him needed medical care


At the time
#BruceWHalstead was working on urgent project for Army on developing a data base on poisons for use on the battlefield


The Army dispatched a top general to intervene in the case, seek release of
#BruceWHalstead to continue the top level life saving project


The Army General appeared in court told judge to release
#BruceWHalstead as the Army needed him more than the judge wanted him locked up

 

The judge told the Army General 2 find another authority 2 finish the high priority project that he wasn't going to release #BruceWHalstead

The Army General told judge: "We already looked, all over the world; there absolutely is no other person more qualified than
#BruceWHalstead


When the judge continued to refuse, Army General put judge On Notice that he was bordering on treason for not releasing
#BruceWHalstead


The Army General further told the judge that if he did not release
#BruceWHalstead immediately the judge would be unemployed the next day


He also put judge on notice that failure to release
#BruceWHalstead would result in charges of treason against the judge


Upon demand of the Army General
#BruceWHalstead was released the same day after serving a few months of a six year sentence


#BruceWHalstead
had 5 children with Joy Arloa Mallory B4 adopting the 6th from Seoul Korea. I am number 4 and the second of two sons


#BruceWHalstead
passed away in my arms on December 5, 2002 at Redlands Community Hospital in CA. He would have been 90 today


#BruceWHalstead
"Never EVER give up; Or THEY win" (still assessing who "THEY" are)


It is because of the Fighter and Warior that was
#BruceWHalstead that I have the inspiration of courage to continue fight for social justice


For
#BruceWHalstead "The work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still lives and the dreams shall never die." as long as I breathe


I did not inherit the love of research from
#BruceWHalstead but I did inherit his fighting spirit. The only one of his children to do so!


In memory of
#BruceWHalstead and so "The work goes on, the cause endures," I created this site http://brucehalstead.blogspot.com/


For futher info on
#BruceWHalstead and the World Life Research Institute please see http://brucehalstead.blogspot.com/


The complete Cirriculum Vitae on
#BruceWHalstead along with the extensive list of his publications are on http://brucehalstead.blogspot.com/


Happy 90th Bithday
#BruceWHalstead I love you dad and miss you terribly. Thanks for ALL you taught me; Courage to fight most of all!!!


This concludes my tweet rememberances of my father
#BruceWHalstead Thank you everyone for indulging me on his 90th birthday. I appreciate it


If you missed any of those tweets, just pull up the
#BruceWHalstead hashtag and/or visit http://brucehalstead.blogspot.com/ for more info


Excuse me, I need a break now! That got me more emotional than I ever expected it would. I'll be back.
#BruceWHalstead

Tuesday, December 11, 2007

Time Magazine - February 11, 1952, on BWH

Time Magazine Cover
Monday, Feb. 11, 1952




Ichthyotoxism

When the naval officer blew on his ice cream to cool it, the medics raised their eyebrows but did not laugh. Nor did they think he was wacky; he was just getting over a kind of fish poisoning which the medical profession calls ichthyotoxism. It is the only disorder doctors know of in which temperature reactions are reversed, e.g., a victim complains that his hot soup is cold, or that his ice water is scalding his tongue.

Why this is, nobody knows. Nor does anybody know why a victim thinks his teeth are loose when they are not. In fact, there are plenty of mysteries about ichthyotoxism, and the chief of them is that doctors do not really know what causes ichthyotoxism. It is not to be confused with poisoning caused by the bite of a venomous fish, however, or by eating stale fish in which bacteria have been at work. It comes from eating fresh, healthy fish, of species that have been used as food for generations, e.g., the amberjack that poisoned the naval officer.

In the Tropics. One notable case occurred on Saipan in 1949, when 55 Filipinos sat down to a feast of eel. Before the night was out, two were dead, one had to have his larynx slit to save him from choking to death, and the rest had suffered from a variety of symptoms ranging from vomiting, diarrhea and cramps to the staggers, paralysis and convulsions. Last February in Hawaii, there were 24 similar cases, all traced to fish imported from Palmyra Island. So far, there have been few clear-cut cases reported from the temperate zone; nearly all have been from the tropics.

Last week a research physician named Bruce W. Halstead was hard at work at the College of Medical Evangelists in Loma Linda, Calif, sorting out a mass of puzzling data and trying to find answers. In his laboratory, four assistants were slicing little samples from the flesh, liver, intestines and gonads of a batch of frozen fish from Johnston Island. After grinding and centrifuging, a cubic centimeter of fluid from each sample was injected into the belly of a mouse. If the sample was weakly poisonous, the mouse got sick but lived; a moderately poisonous sample should kill it within 36 hours, and a strongly poisonous sample within an hour.

Across the Reef. Dr. Halstead has learned to take nothing for granted. Once he was testing two puffers, identical except that one came from Hawaii and the other from the Phoenix Islands. The Hawaiian fish was harmless. It seemed pointless to test the other, but he did so anyway: the mouse died in convulsions in 4½ minutes. In this case the fish came from waters 2,000 miles apart, but Halstead has found that fish taken on one side of a reef may be safe, while those on the other side, a mile away, are deadly.

Some fish live by eating marine plants and others live by eating other fish. Both kinds can cause the mysterious poisoning. Dr. Halstead's hypothesis: the poison comes from plants, with the fish-eating fish picking it up from the plant eaters. The poison itself is probably an alkaloid, but Dr. Halstead has not been able to identify it. Next month, Dr. Halstead will head for Okinawa and Japan to get fresh material for his study: the western Pacific is full of it.

Monday, December 10, 2007

The Herb Hunters - 1958 Time Magazine on BWH

Lewis Strauss
Time Magazine Cover

June 15, 1959











http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,892679,00.html


The Herb Hunters

The Herb Hunters Around the world, from alpine heights to sluggish deltas, and even down into the coralline depths of the Pacific, legmen for U.S. medicine were busy last week in a single-minded search.

The objective: folk remedies, plants, lichens or marine slimes that might, through modern chemical analysis, yield useful drugs for treating man's ills, from toothache to cancer.


In some regions, notably South America and Africa, the herb hunters were all over. Led by Dr. John Wurdack, the New York Botanical Garden's Expedition No. 21 was at the headwaters of the Orinoco. Seeking new or rare plants, its professional botanists were especially alert for any with medicinal promise.

On five continents, 750 physicians and other medical people at 170 Seventh-day Adventist hospitals and clinics run by California's College of Medical Evangelists were collecting plants, getting patients to bring in samples of folk remedies, sometimes peering over the shoulders of witch doctors to see what went into their brews.
Lion Fat.

Like many similar efforts, the College of Medical Evangelists' search was bankrolled by business. In the hope that it would turn up marketable items, New York's Sterling Drug Inc. had just underwritten the four-year program for $240,000. Virtually all major U.S. drug companies had herb hunters afield, either directly employed or under contract.

All their people have been enlisted as part-time hunters: when Francis C. Brown, president of New Jersey's Schering Corp., was in Port-au-Prince for the recent opening of the Haiti Psychiatric Institute, he heard of a red nut used by voodoo practitioners to calm disturbed patients, brought back samples that are now under laboratory test.

Schering chemists are also analyzing a concoction which an African vendor labeled Mafuta Bhubesi—lion fat.
The costly and intensive search for what the oldtime druggist called botanicals is based on solid historical fact. Checking an old wives' brew used in Shropshire to bolster failing hearts, William Withering found in 1775 that the active ingredient came from the common foxglove, thus stumbled upon digitalis—still a sovereign remedy.

Only 28 years ago, Western-trained physicians in India concluded that there was more magic than myth in ancient snakeroot remedies for high blood pressure and some emotional disturbances, pointed the way to the isolation of reserpine—now flourishing as a multimillion-dollar prescription item.

Ephedrine, which was isolated only in 1885, and is valuable in treating asthma, was the active ingredient in Ma Huang, a herbal drug the Chinese had been using for 5,000 years.


Leafy Poultice. There is good reason to believe that there are many more potentially valuable drugs where these came from. Says Dr. Alfred Taylor of the University of Texas' Austin campus: "In plants we have more compounds than the chemists could synthesize in 1,000 years. And as a rule, the naturally occurring compounds are less likely to be poisonous than the synthetic, because they've developed in association with life."

Cancer Researcher Taylor's team is testing plant extracts against cancer in mice, reports "more hopeful results with the natural compounds than with synthetics."


Hope of finding a treatment for human cancer is stimulated by incidents such as the one related by Dr. Bruce W. Halstead (until recently with the C.M.E.).

An Indian walked into a mission hospital in Nicaragua with a huge growth on his cheek. The mission doctor took a specimen, diagnosed it as skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma), told the patient he must have surgery and X-ray treatment at once. The man refused and vanished into the jungle. A witch doctor treated him with a leafy poultice. Three months later the patient was back, "his face was clear as a baby's bottom.''


In the backwoods of India, several tribes brew a herb tea which lowers the blood sugar—a natural oral treatment for which Western diabetics waited until a mere three years ago.


Dr. Halstead, 39, a restless and imaginative scientist, is launching a World Life Research Institute in Colton, Calif.

Its fact-finding franchise will extend from lion fat to Mexican yams (major source of raw material for the cortisone family of steroid hormones) to submarine slime.

Already noted as an authority on poisonous fish (TIME, Feb. 11, 1952), Dr. Halstead is also a skindiver. Groping near the 100-ft. sounding in the Galápagos Islands he has scraped off marine growths from which antibiotic substances (still in the lab-testing stage) have been isolated.


The stakes in the herb hunt are high: for the scientist, the possibility of such fame as came to Penicillin Discoverer Fleming; for the company that gets a year's jump on its competitors with a widely useful product, $2,000,000 or $3,000,000 in profit—a hundred times more for a breakthrough against major forms of cancer; for mankind in general, cheaper and more effective drugs for many ills, and always the hope of victory over a still-defiant killer or crippler.

Friday, November 16, 2007

John Westerdahl, PhD, MPH, RD, CNS

Dr. John Westerdahl

Dr. John Westerdahl, PhD, MPH, RD, CNS is the Director of the Bragg Health Foundation. In addition to his position with the Bragg Health Foundation, Dr. Westerdahl also serves as Director of Health Science for Bragg Live Food Products, Inc. Dr. Patricia Bragg calls Dr. Westerdahl , "a young Paul Bragg; because of his lifelong personal commitment to nutrition, fitness, health and wellness."

Dr. John Westerdahl and Dr. Patricia Bragg
Dr . Westerdahl & Dr. Patricia Bragg

Dr. Westerdahl is an internationally recognized authority in the field of nutrition and wellness. He is a Nutritionist, Registered Dietitian, Certified Nutrition Specialist, Master Herbalist, Board Certified Anti-Aging Health Practitioner, Health Educator and Health Scientist.

A graduate of Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Dr. Westerdahl's Bachelor of Science, Master of Public Health and doctorate degrees are in the fields of food, nutrition and health education.

Previously, Dr. Westerdahl has served as Director of Wellness & Lifestyle Medicine for Castle Medical Center in Hawaii, Senior Nutritionist for Shaklee Corporation, Director of Nutritionist for Dr. McDougall's Right Foods, Inc., Director of the Murad Inclusive Health Center and Nutrition Editor for Veggie Life Magazine. His former popular radio talk show, Nutrition and You, and television show, Tasty and Meatless, reached thousands every week throughout the Hawaiian Islands.

Dr. Westerdahl is a member of several scientific and profession societies including the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Dietetic Association, the American College of Nutrition, the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, and the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine. He is listed in Who's Who in America, Who's Who in Medicine and Healthcare and Who's Who in Science and Engineering and has received national awards for his contributions in the fields of complementary and integrative medicine, and vegetarian nutrition.

visit the Bragg Health Foundation (www.bragghealthfoundation.org)

Jean-Michel Cousteau

Jean-Michel Cousteau

Jean-Michel Cousteau has spent his life with his family exploring the world's oceans aboard the research vessels Calypso and Alcyone, communicating to people of all nations and generations his love and concern for our water planet.

The eldest son of the late ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau, Jean-Michel is President of Ocean Futures Society, where he continues his life's work of educating, especially the young people of the world, to foster a conservation ethic for our water planet.

Learn more about his life and work in his biography.


Jean-Michel Cousteau is a keynote speaker at many functions where he has the opportunity to educate and inform the public on vital environmental issues. Copies of the transcripts of his speeches are available Here at transcripts

Ocean Futures Society

"Protect the ocean and you protect yourself"

Jean-Michel Cousteau has started his own organization to carry on his father's legacy called the Ocean Futures Society. The focus of this organization is found in the Mission Statement.


Mission Statement
The mission of Ocean Futures Society is to explore our global ocean, inspiring and educating people throughout the world to act responsibly for its protection, documenting the critical connection between humanity and nature, and celebrating the ocean's vital importance to the survival of all life on our planet.

The Ocean Futures website features a frequently updated special message from Jean-Michel to their community of members, friends, and supporters of the non-profit organization.


Find out more about what's "hot" at Ocean Futures and what Jean-Michel's team is working on now right here in Messages To The Community!


end

Thursday, October 18, 2007

STPM Participants - Raymond Ryckman, Phd

STPM Participants
Raymond Ryckman, PhD


Raymond E. Ryckman, PhD (left),

Raymond E. Ryckman, PhD, became the foremost authority on Triatoma. This work is still highly important to public health in Central and South America.

In the Memoirs of Doctor Bruce W. Halstead, he talks about the establishment and development of the School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine for Loma Linda University from 1948 to 1958. In reference to his close friend and his involvement with the STPM, Doctor Halstead writes:

"We were able to obtain a small amount of money with which we hired a medical entomologist by the name of Dr. Raymond Ryckman, a vey bright, dedicated and energetic medical entomologist who had just received his Ph.D degree from University of California At Berkeley (UCB).

Ray had his Department of Medical Entomology office on the second floor adjacent to my department. Ray later cleaned out tons of debris from the third floor which he convcerted into his medical entomology laboratory.


Shortly after his arrival Dr. Ryckman obtained a research contract with the Army on insect vectors of military importance and rapidly expanded his research operations working with insect pesticides, his beloved Triatoma Kisssing bug vectors of Chagas disease, and fleas capable of spreading bubonic plague. Much of his research time was conducted in the field collecting insects and testing some of the Army's newer insecticides."



[From LLU website -
http://llumc.com/news/today/today_story.php?id=478 ]

The emergence of research: Historical insights from the emergence of research at Loma Linda University
By Barry L. Taylor, PhD

The STPM hired well and built a strong research team. Dr. Ryckman, a medical entomologist trained at University of California, Berkeley, joined the team and obtained contracts with the Army to study various vectors. He became the foremost authority on Triatoma, the “kissing bug” that is the vector for Chagas disease.

This work is still highly important to public health in Central and South America, and as a result, the Communicable Dise ase Center of the United States Public Health Service republished Dr.Ryckman’s dissertation and an annotated bibliography of 23,000 references in Spanish, French, Portuguese, and English only a few years ago. This research was supported in part by funding from the World Health Organization.

Raymond E. Ryckman, PhD (left), became the foremost authority on Triatoma. This work is still highly important to public health in Central and South America.





Loma Linda University Pays Tribute

Ray Ryckman
and
School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine

Ray Ryckman got some long over due recognition from an institution that he has served most all of his professional life. He is the only person left that was deeply involved with the School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine. As such he is the one person who still knows most of the history and politics involved with STPM, Bruce W. Halstead, and Loma Linda University back when it was still called the College of Medical Evangelist.

STPM was founded by Dr.s Mozar and Halstead back in 1948. Dr. Halstead left in 1958 and started the World Life Research Institute. Halstead and Ryckman have long been friends. Ray was in Bruce and Joy's wedding. It was Bruce that advised Ray to go get an undergraduate degree from U. C. Berkeley in zoology, just like he had done.

When the original STPM building was torn down, Ryckman was able to salvage some of the windows and the original sign. He used the windows to build a greenhouse and he put the sign over his front porch. For Ray Ryckman, being part of the STPM and the history involved, is something that he feels proud to be a part of as he was. Under STPM, Doctor Halstead was singlehandedly the first person to ever conduct research at Loma Linda and in doing so he got the first grants and pioneered the grant funding of research at Loma Linda as well.





School of Public Health honors students at awards banquet



The School of Public Health gave out its diplomas on June 10, but the evening before, the School also gave out multiple awards to students, faculty, alumni, and staff at the annual awards banquet.
David Dyjack, DrPH, CIH (right), honors
Raymond Ryckman, PhD, and Carolyn Stuyvesant, MS.

The School paid tribute to the past, as well. An old sign reading “School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine” was put on display. This organization at LLU was a forerunner to the current School of Public Health, which was established in 1967 and is celebrating 40 years of existence this year. The sign was borrowed from Raymond Ryckman, PhD, emeritus professor of microbiology, School of Medicine, who was also involved in the early days of public health at LLU.

Dr. Ryckman and Carolyn Stuyvesant, MS, an early public health student, were recognized by David Dyjack, DrPH, CIH, School of Public Health dean.

Dr. Dyjack also gave special recognition to Susanne Montgomery, PhD, MPH, and Christine Neish, PhD, for their hard work and dedicated service to the School. Dr. Montgomery has worked at the School for about 12 years, and she served for the past two years as the School’s associate dean for academic affairs. She recently stepped down from this administrative post in order to focus on research, and she is now director of the School’s Center for Health Research.

Dr. Neish has worked in the School of Public Health since 1973. While she still holds a secondary appointment in the SPH, as of summer 2006 her primary appointment is now in the LLU School of Nursing.

To Read Full Story on LLU website - CLICK HERE




Bruce and Joy Halstead Wedding Picture
Raymond Ryckman is in uniform

Tuesday, October 16, 2007

Prior to The School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine

The Genesis of
Tropical and Preventive Medicine

Prior to 1948 and the STPM
A Halstead Perspective


The History of Tropical Medicine, the meaning of “Preventive”, the Adventist contribution and the Bruce W. Halstead Perspective on the School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine


Table of Contents

I. The Colonial Roots of Tropical and Preventive Medicine

II. Sir Doctor Patrick Manson - Father of Tropical Medicine

III. The Role and Purpose of Tropical and Preventive Medicine

IV. Early Definition for the Term “Preventive Medicine”

V. The Role and Contribution of the Adventist Health Message

VI. Halstead’s Background, Influence, and Focus on
Tropical and Preventive Medicine prior to STPM

VII. Summary of Pre-1948, Pre-STPM Era, Pre-Halstead,
Role and Status of Tropical
and Preventive Medicine



I. The Colonial Roots of
Tropical and Preventive Medicine

It is quiet possible to have a contemporary understanding of tropical and/ or preventive as terms that are applied to a field of medicine without really understanding the origin and definition of those terms from a historical perspective. The words tropical and preventive, when used as adjectives to describe fields of medicine that exist today, are defined in a much evolved and broadened manner as to somewhat loose the stricter definition of its origins.

It is perhaps a sad commentary that tropical medicine originated as an outgrowth and bi-product of our colonial history. Colonialism is defined as a nation extending its influence and sovereignty beyond its territorial boundaries for purposes of having control and possession of the region they conquer. These resources includes: inexpensive labor or slavery, markets, raw materials, manufactured products, or additional territory. Colonialism eventually evolved into imperialism which differs only in that the territory being conquered remains as an independent sovereign nation, even if in name only.

The very act of conquering and spreading colonialism brings with it a system and structure of cultural, political, and religious values that become the intervention and domination by the more powerful country over a weaker one. Colonialism brought with it a set of beliefs that were utilized to give legitimacy and even promote the goals of colonialism. Arguably the ugliest aspect of these beliefs was the superiority of the European white people as at the top of the animal kingdom and therefore should dominate in every way over the non-European indigenous people of the world. This includes the domination of European religious beliefs and medical practices.

Colonialism is something that is not limited to any race of people or any region of the world and extends through the antiquity of time. But the roots of tropical and preventive medicine was created out of that colonialism that was part of the European Colonialist efforts starting with the Spanish Inquisition and extended into the world domination of the British Empire. As European colonialism spread through the world and especially the tropical regions of South America, Asia, Africa, India, and the South Pacific, the invading forces were met with new medical challenges that were considerably different than the cooler climates from which they came.

The initial invading forces of colonialism are generally composed of military armies that take control by force and violence. But they are soon joined by a range of other people that includes: back up military personnel, colonial administrators, explorers, settlers, businessmen, and Christian missionaries. These newcomers were generally unprepared for a new set of diseases, that were both prevalent and well adapted to warm, humid, tropical regions. It was imperative for all of the newcomers, invading, and conquering intruders, to address the “tropical diseases” that they were encountering with their lack of immunity, and lack of western medical knowledge or experience.

It would be wonderful to state that the study of tropical medicine was motivated out of an altruistic concern for the indigenous peoples whose land was being invaded, but sadly that is not the case. The primary motivation was for the well being of the new inhabitants whose immune systems were ill prepared for the challenges and consequences of tropical diseases. To the extent that the indigenous peoples were able to benefit from the breakthroughs in the treatment of tropical diseases was limited to the colonialist benefit of helping protect their human resources and maximize their profits from their labor resources, be it exploited workers or slavery.


II. Sir Doctor Patrick Manson
- Father of Tropical Medicine

The person who is credited with being “The Father of Tropical Medicine” was a Scottish Doctor named Patrick Manson (1844–1922), who worked in relative obscurity in the small village of Amoy, South China. Working with the most humble medical resources he uncovered the remarkable mystery of filariasis. Filarial disease, which causes the disfiguring elephantiasis, was highly prevalent in that region of China.

Doctor Manson initiated a new era of thinking that winged arthropods (flying insects) may be associated with the spread of disease in man. Manson was instrumental in making several original discoveries in parasitology and helminthology. His pioneering efforts led to the establishment of a new discipline in medicine, coined “tropical medicine” which is the only field of medicine that is named after a region of the world. In 1899, Doctor played a key role in establishing tropical medicine as a formal structured discipline with the founding of the London School of Tropical Medicine.

So the role and definition of tropical medicine that was birthed in colonialism and was “fathered” by Doctor Patrick Manson was about understanding the diseases and the transmission of those diseases in the tropical regions being conquered by the colonial powers.


III. The Role and Purpose of
Tropical and Preventive Medicine

An appropriate summary of the pre-World War II model and definition of tropical medicine is found in a book on the subject by John Farley, entitled: “Bilharzias - A History of Imperial Tropical Medicine”. In that publication, Farley writes:

“The basic goal of tropical medicine was to render the tropical world fit for white habitation and white investment. Its practitioners were member of colonial services, armies of occupation and mining and fruit companies. What, if anything, should be done about the health of the native inhabitants was determined by the policies of these Western agencies without reference to the needs of the indigenous communities. Not surprisingly their health needs became a priority only when their diseases were felt to threaten the health or profits of the white man, or when imperial policies demanded that the health needs of the indigenous populations be addressed. In addition, because of Christian duty and the white man’s burden always included medical and sanitary work, medical missionaries were also an important part of the picture…”

With the WWII, the American military was drawn into the South Pacific regions after the bombing of Peal Harbor by the Japanese. One result of this was that the U.S. military developed an interest in tropical medicine and started putting resources into the development of the emerging field of medicine. By now, colonialism had been replaced by imperialism but what did not change was the scope and definition of tropical medicine. In John Farley’s work on the subject, he describes the post WWII evolution of tropical medicine as follows:

“….that tropical medicine after World War II was also imperialistic in the sense that health policies continued to be imposed by the outside agencies, whether they were the declining imperial powers or the increasingly influential professional classes and international organizations. Tropical medicine, as before, continued to be imported, technical, and scientific; and even when, as in the 1940’s a more socially oriented approach briefly appeared, it was only because Western medicine was at that time flirting with so-called social medicine. There was, however, in this postwar era a rising concern with what were perceived to be the health problems of the tropical or Third World communities, but both the nature of these problems and the solutions to them continued to be imposed and Western. Even if control slowly passed into the hands of Third World personnel, no fundamental changes took place, for they had been trained in Western ideas and shared the professional goals and beliefs of their Western Colleagues.”

“I believe that a fundamental shift away from this imperial-styled medicine began to take place only in the 1980’s. In 1979, the WHO finally endorsed the idea that all people have the right to participate in their own health care planning and implementation, to dictate priorities, and to utilize methods that they can use and afford. Community participations has become the new creed, and minimally trained health workers are becoming the major agents of this new primary health care delivery system.”


IV. Early Definition for the Term
“Preventive Medicine”

Given all of the aforementioned, the early references to the term preventive medicine was strictly limited to the “prevention” of these tropical diseases through vector control, early drug intervention in the disease process, and risk management. The study of tropical medicine was the study of those tropical diseases that were prevalent in the warmer, more humid, tropical regions.

The goal of the study of tropical medicine was to “prevent” the spread of those diseases by breaking the cycle by which vectors such as mosquitoes could spread those diseases. Therefore, using malaria as an example, the term “prevention” would be defined in the historical context of tropical medicine as the eradication of mosquitoes, protection from contact with mosquitoes, the use of prophylactic drugs, or the early detection and treatment of the disease.

The term “prevention” as applied to tropical medicine, had little in common to how the term is generally used and understood today. Prevention in those days had nothing to do with super nutrition, immune enhancement, vitamin supplementation, herbal medicine, exercise, a vegetarian diet, or any of these other lifestyle changes that have come to define the term “prevention“ of the modern era.

Nor did it have any thing in common with the current use of the word prevention as applied to the innovative development of health modalities such as Chelation Therapy, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, DMSO, or any of the other therapies now in use for the “prevention” of chronic and generative diseases such as: heart attacks, stoke, senility, or even cancer. In this sense prevention also means “age reversal” and “life extension”, where immune enhancement and optimal health are the primary goals. These later criteria for prevention of optimum health are also known as holistic, wholistic medicine, and natural medicine, which has nothing to do with the word preventive in the traditional practice of tropical medicine.


V. The Role and Contribution of the
Adventist Health Message

Ellen White is well known for the health message that is the trademark of the Adventist church today. She in turn was heavily influence about health issues by her close friend and associate, John Harvey Kellogg, M.D., who influenced the worldwide development and philosophy of Seventh-day Adventist medicine more than did anyone except Mrs. White. Kellogg relied on the fundamental principals outlined in White's books and then developed that message into a lifelong study and research into optimum health. Chapter 14 of Schaefer's book Legacy, is about the amazing story of Kellogg, who founded the Battle Creek Sanitarium and invented the Kellogg cereal.

Kellogg was a physician, surgeon, that with nearly 50 books was a prolific writer and delivered over 5,000 lectures. He was a student of Pasteur's work on microbiology and relied on it as the basis to advocate for a vegetarian diet. But his approach to optimum health went way beyond simply avoiding meat. It was a natural healthy lifestyle which he termed "Biologic living" which also required "total abstinence from alcohol, tea, coffee, tobacco, and animal flesh. It included proper diet, adequate rest and exercise, fresh air, healthful dress, and (in case of illness) simple, natural remedies."

This is the essence of the Adventist health message and is what has now become fashionable these days with the popularity of the trendy health spas. Sanitarium is a term that in those days was simply used to define a hospital that embraced those natural health "spa" like principals, including massage, sauna, herbs, and hot tubs. These principals are not only the basis on which the church was founded, it was the message they believed they were to spread to the rest of their world in their "evangelistic" efforts; thus the name "College of Medical Evangelist."

So the Adventist message deserves credit for having a background orientation of healthy lifestyle that are included in much of current trends in holistic (wholistic) health, natural medicine, and even preventive medicine as it is now defined. Seventh Day Adventist integrated that message into their religion. Adventist were founded with the beliefs of Kellogg and White that were demonstrated in the sanitarium/hospitals that they created based upon Ellen White’s visions.

So it is fair to say that Adventist have from the start, become a religion that: 1 advocates a progressive healthy lifestyle, 2. they use those health principals to administer to the “physical and spiritual health” of people around the world, and 3. believe in training doctors and nurses to become “medical evangelist” to the world. And into the world they went, just as fast as they could train them, they went out to the “mission fields” and commenced to setting up schools, churches, clinics, and hospitals.

In this sense, Seventh Day Adventist were part of the history of the spread of Christianity, that began with the Christian Crusades and continued through the entire colonial era, eventually evolving into what is now the modern era of Christian missionaries. This isn’t a statement about the qualitative value of the effect of the spread of Christianity as much as it is to document the role of Christianity in the development of tropical medicine.


VI. Halstead’s Background, Influence, and
Focus on
Tropical and Preventive Medicine
prior to STPM

Doctor Halstead started taking an obsessed, even unexplainable interest in travel, the South Pacific, and Tropical fish beginning at as early as age 5. Starting in 1935 at age 15, Halstead started studying at the Golden Gate Academy of Sciences under his greatest influence and mentor, Howard Walton Clark.

Clark taught him about all of the natural sciences but most notably, ichthyology (fish), scientific methodology, scientific identification, and an extensive emphasis on parasitology. The history of tropical medicine is always associated and dependent upon the field of parasitology with all of the vectors that spread the tropical diseases.

After the death of Clark in 1941, the Golden Gate Academy of Sciences, hired Dr. Wilbert McCloud Chapman, to assume the duties of Clark. By then the War was well under way and everyone was doing their part including the Academy. Under Chapman, Halstead learned the politics of science as Chapman was constantly in touch with members of Congress and our military. Later Chapman had a role in expanding the use of tropical medicine when he convinced the Armed Forces to supply our troops with fresh fish to eat. The idea caught on with our War Department and Chapman was off to the Asia-Pacific Theatre.

Halstead continued his understudy work at Golden Gate Academy while he received an Associates of Arts degree in biology at San Francisco City College, his B.A. Degree in zoology at U.C. Berkeley, and student teaching at Pacific Union College. While still at U.C. Berkeley, Halstead was encouraged to join the Army Specialized Training Program which structured his education with the intent of continuing on to medicine.

While at medical school at Loma Linda, he remained Private First Class Halstead and was required to wear his uniform at school. Also while attending medical school, Halstead would find any opportunity to go spend time at Golden Gate Academy of Sciences.

Drawing on his background at the Academy, he excelled at parasitology and tropical medicine. During his spare time, he would go out and collect parasitology specimens from cows, pigs, chickens, and anywhere else he could find, earning the school the best collection of it’s kind at any learning institution around. He was an assistant instructor of parasitology and tropical medicine by his sophomore year and was the instructor immediately upon completion of his senior year.

In July of 1947, when it was time to select an internship, Halstead decided to intern at the Marine Hospital of the U.S. Public Health Service in San Francisco, California, where he became a Lieutenant Junior grade in the Public Health Service.

Upon completion of his internship, Halstead returned to Loma Linda to work with Dr. Mozar in developing the School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine.


VII. Summary of Pre-1948, Pre-STPM Era,
Pre-Halstead,
Role and Status of
Tropical and Preventive Medicine

In order to put into context, the relative value of the contribution of Doctor Halstead’s work, it is important to examine the field of tropical medicine and even the term “preventive medicine” at the time that he launched his career at the School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine at Loma Linda, in 1948.

By 1948, WWII had just ended and the U.S. military along with the allied forces, was still fresh with the experiences of waging combat in tropical regions ranging through the Asia-Pacific Theatre, China, the Mediterranean, the African Continent, and the Middle East. The military had encountered the limits and challenges of western medicine on tropical diseases which helped put some much needed attention on the problem.

It can be argued that the military had helped expand the role of tropical medicine, under the leadership of Dr. Chapman of the Golden Gate Academy of Sciences, when Chapman succeeded in developing local sea food as a dietary source to feed the troops. This event opened the door to the value and need for Doctor Halstead’s work on Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals that followed.

With that single exception, the definition and role of tropical medicine had not changed from its inception. That is to say that tropical medicine was still limited to dealing with the existence of tropical diseases primarily for the survivability of the newcomer foreigners in those tropical regions. Prevention had none of the holistic, wholistic, or natural medicine connotations that it has today.

To put into context Doctor Halstead’s contribution to Loma Linda University, it is important to examine where the Adventist church and the school at Loma Linda were focused and where they were either totally inexperienced and/or totally resistant. In a nutshell, Loma Linda and the Adventist church had adopted a solid health message but had demonstrated little if any interest in research into the principals supporting that health message or expanding the development of new health modalities. Consequently, they had no background or experience in grant acquisition from either the government or the private sector.

So for Loma Linda University, Doctor Halstead is the father of research and the father of grant acquisition. For the field of tropical medicine, Doctor Halstead was the first to expand its role into research into poisonous and venomous marine animals as a source for new drugs from the sea. He is also the first to reverse the model of imposing western medicine onto indigenous native people. Instead, Doctor Halstead gave credence and respect for the hundreds, if not thousands of years of traditional tribal medicine, as a worthy field of investigation for the possibility of scientific validation of herbal/botanical compounds for new drug discoveries.

In the larger world of medical science, Doctor Halstead is the pioneer and the father of the field of bio-toxicology. Largely self taught on the subject, he became the leading world authority on Bio-toxicology and devoted his life to discovering the secrets of natural occurring compounds on land and the sea that could advance the science of human health.

Even more impressive is the career that began with the formation of the School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine and pioneered these scientific research fields of endeavors, evolved into the founding of World Life Research Institute where Doctor Halstead researched and pioneered, new health modalities in the emerging field of Alternative Medicine.

In this context of 1948 tropical and preventive medicine, and in this context of 1948 Loma Linda University (CME), and in this context of Bruce Halstead, fresh out of thirteen years as an understudy at the Golden Gate Academy of Sciences and having just graduated President of his medical class; the birth of The School of Tropical and Preventive Medicine is no small incident but was a major milestone, a new beginning, and a turning point for Loma Linda, Bruce Halstead, and the medical and scientific research that followed.


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